Upcoming Events
Session on: "French expeditions to the far North in the 19th century."
NHM 2025: The 31st Congress of Nordic Historians
University of Iceland in Reykjavík, August 13-15, 2025.
The session organised by MIARC and the University of Iceland will take place on 14 August 2025, 16:30-18:30.
11th Gateway to the Arctic
"Melting Glaciers in a Changing World"
8-12 September 2025, Environmental Research Station Schneefernerhaus, Zugspitze, Germany.
French-German workshop series for early stage researchers co-organised since 2011 by the German Polar Institute Alfred-Wegener (AWI) and the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. Organising team: Jan Borm (MIARC, UVSQ/Paris-Saclay), Klaus Grosfeld (REKLIM/AWI) and Renate Treffeisen (Klimabüro/AWI).
International and interdisciplinary conference: “The mineral Arctic: imagination, communication and practices”
8-10 October 2025, UVSQ/ Université de Paris Saclay (France)
The Malaurie Institute of Arctic Research Monaco-UVSQ (MIARC) is organising an international and interdisciplinary conference in association with UArctic Thematic Network Arctic Cultures and History (ARCH) and UArctic Regional Centre for Continental Europe at UVSQ in Versailles on 8-10 Octobre 2025.
Past Events
Erasmus + BIP (Blended Intensive Programme):
“Knowledge from the Arctic in past and present - collecting and (co)-constructing cultural continuity and change”
Versailles / Paris 23-27 June 2025
The Malaurie Institute of Arctic Research Monaco-UVSQ (MIARC) is organising an international and interdisciplinary workshop in cooperation with the University of Lapland (Rovaniemi), the University of Tartu (Estonia).
Film screening and invited talk by Jan Borm: Jean Malaurie: 70 years of angagement in favour of the First Peoples of the Far North
19 May 2025, 18:30 - 20:00, Cinéma Jean Eustache Pessac
15:00 1st FILM : ATANARJUAT de Zacharias Kunuk (2001)
18:30 invited talk: Jean Malaurie: 70 ans d'actions en faveur des peuples premiers du Grand Nord by Jan Borm
20:30 2nd FILM : NANOUK L'ESQUIMAU de Robert Flaherty (1922).
Unipop, Université populaire, une initiative du Cinéma Jean Eustache et du festival du film d'histoire de Pessac.
International conference: “‘Epistemic Frontiers’ Geoscientific Knowledge, Authority, and Politics of Participation in Arctic and African Exploration”
22-24 April 2025, Department of Archaeology, Conservation & History (IAKH), University of Oslo.
Joanna Kodzik, Junior Professor at MIARC, is presenting a paper on the “Changing Arctic Epistemic Frontiers: Moravian Knowledge Production in Greenland, Labrador, and Alaska”
Download Final_Program_Epistemic_Frontiers
Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW)
20-28 March 2025, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Session: Innovative Perspectives of Interdisciplinary Research on Health and Well-Being in the Arctic Co-Constructed with Indigenous and Local Communities
Convenors:
Jan Borm, UVSQ/University Paris-Saclay
Hanne Hvidtfeldt Christiansen, UNIS Svalbard
The Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW) is organised annually by the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) to provide opportunities for coordination, cooperation and collaboration between the various scientific organisations involved in Arctic research.
Guest lecture on “The Sámi culture in Central and Eastern Europe in the 18th century”
18 February 2025, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi (Finland)
Joanna Kodzik Junior Full Professor at MIARC, will deliver the guest lecture at the University of Lapland during the seminar: ”Diversity in Teaching and Education: Embracing Cultural Heritage, Inclusivity, and Pedagogical Innovation” lead by Pigga Keskitalo, Professor of Education in Arctic perspectives.
JEAN MALAURIE GUEST LECTURE SERIES
Thomas Mohnike (University of Strasbourg): "Loss Northern. Reflections on Nostalgic Identities of the Geographies of European Identities in a Long-Term Perspective"
30 January 2025, 13:00-15:00, UVSQ/ University Paris Saclay (France)
Thomas Mohnike, Full Professor for Sacndinavian Studieus at the Univrsity of Strasbourg and Dean of the Faculty of Langues will give this lecture as a part of the Jean Malaurie guest lecture series at the Malaurie Institute of Arctic Research Monaco-UVSQ.
JEAN MALAURIE GUEST LECTURE SERIES
Monique Durand (Groupe de recherche sur l'écriture nord-côtière GRÉNOC, Cégep de Sept-Îles): "The Blue Hour or The Mystic North"
28 January 2025, 13:00-15:00, UVSQ/ University Paris Saclay (France)
Monique Durand a writer and journalist from Quebec/ Canada will give this lecture as a part of the Jean Malaurie guest lecture series at the Malaurie Institute of Arctic Research Monaco-UVSQ.
International Workshop: "Aurora borealis - observations, descriptions and visualisations"
23 January 2025, UVSQ/ University Paris Saclay/ OVSQ (France)
This workshop is organised by the Malaurie Institute of Arctic Research Monaco-UVSQ and the UiT, University of Tromsø - Arctic University of Norway with the participation of students from the Arctic Studies Master Programme at UVSQ/ University Paris Saclay.
JEAN MALAURIE GUEST LECTURE SERIES
Erki Tammiksaar (University of Tartu): „The Physical Geography of the North Polar Sea, Baltic German Polar Research and Russian Empire in the 19th century”.
21 January 2025, 13:00, UVSQ/ University Paris Saclay, Bâtiment d'Alembert, 11 boulevard d'Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt (France)
Erki Tammiksaar, Associate Professor in History and Geography, Director of the Centre for Science Studies, Karl Ernst von Baer House at the Estonian University of Life Sciences, will give this lecture as a part of the Jean Malaurie guest lecture series at the Malaurie Institute of Arctic Research Monaco-UVSQ.
JEAN MALAURIE GUEST LECTURE SERIES
Pigga Keskitalo (University of Lapland): "Exploring Sámi Educational Premises: Lessons from the Past, Challenges of the Present"
12 December 2024, 10:00-12:30, UVSQ/ University Paris Saclay, Bâtiment d'Alembert, 11 boulevard d'Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt (France)
Pigga Keskitalo Full Professor of education at the University of Lapland in Rovaniemi (Finland) and the Sámi University of Applied Sciences in Kautokeino (Norway) and adjunct Professor at the University of Helsinki will give this lecture as a part of the Jean Malaurie guest lecture series at the Malaurie Institute of Arctic Research Monaco-UVSQ.
Guest lecture on "Jean Malaurie: 70 years of Arctic circumpolar research"
"Jean Malaurie : 70 ans de recherches circumpolaires arctiques"
6 December 2024, 12:30-13:30, UVSQ: Amphithéâtre Gérard Mégie, Observatoire de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (France)
Jan Borm, director of the Malaurie Institute of Arctic Research Monaco-UVSQ will deliver the guest lecture as part of the Fridays brown bag lecture series at the OVSQ/ UVSQ, 11 boulevard d'Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt (France).
Guest lecture on "Jean Malaurie's circumpolar research (1922-2024) and narrative ethnography"
"Les recherches circumpolaires de Jean Malaurie (1922-2024) et l'ethnographie narrative"
4 December 2024, 14:30-16:30, EHESS : École des hautes études en sciences sociales (France)
Jan Borm, director of the Malaurie Institute of Arctic Research Monaco-UVSQ, will deliver the guest lecture in the research seminar at the Centre des savoirs sur le politique : recherches et analyses (CESPRA), Campus Condorcet - Bâtiment EHESS, 2 Cours des Humanités - 93300 Aubervilliers.
International conference: Science/Technology, Arts in International Relations
02 December 2024, Istanbul Dogus University
Eda Ayaydin (MIARC) will present a paper on “Polar Geopolitics, Science, Technology and Arts”.
Inaugural session of the workshops on Sámi studies: Les rencontres du Sàpmi - (2024-2025)
27 November 2024, Université de Caen Normandie
Eda Ayaydin (MIARC) will present a paper on "Indigenous sovereignty in the Arctic: the Sámi and the Fosen conflict" ("La souveraineté autochtone dans l’Arctique : les Sámi et le conflit de Fosen").
The Racontars arctiques – theater and meeting with artists
16 November 2024, Le Mouffetard - Théâtre des arts de la marionnette Paris
Jan Borm, director of the Institute of Arctic Research Monaco-UVSQ will participate in the panel discussion after the performance.
The Racontars arctiques is a project by the Quebec artists' collective La Ruée vers l'or, a show adapted from the books by Jørn Riel and the comic strips by Hervé Tanquerelle and Gwen de Bonneval.
Guest lecture on “Circulation of knowledge about the Arctic in 18th century Germany”
9 October 2024, University of Oslo (Norway)
Joanna Kodzik, Junior Full Professor at Malaurie Istitute of Arctic Research Monaco-UVSQ has been invited to deliver the guest lecture during a seminar with the research group KLIMER: Climate, environment and energy at the University of Oslo.
Guest lecture on “One Health & the Arctic region”
24 September 2024, 17:00-19:00 CET, UFR Simone Veil – Santé Amphithéâtre 1, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Fance)
Arja Rautio, Professor in Arctic Research in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu (Finland) and Jan Borm, director of the Institute of Arctic Research Monaco-UVSQ will deliver the guest lecture as a part of the lecture series organised by the One Health and Global Health academic unit of the UFR Simone Veil - Santé, the Department of Ethics and Scientific Integrity of the Foch Hospital and the Foch Foundation by Christian Hervé and Henri-Corto Stoeklé.
Opening of the Exhibition “Horizons infinis” – scientific collections reflecting research in medical anthropology, Arctic studies and new space
16 September 2024, Pavillion Panhard, UVSQ Science Campus Versailles (France)
This exhibition in three parts features objects, illustrations and documents from Jean Malaurie’s Arctic collections about Greenland and Canadian Arctic.
17th EISA Pan-European Conference on International Relations
Université Catholique de Lille (France), 31st August 2024
Eda Ayaydin (MIARC) presented a paper on "Boundaries of the Ego vs Rational Boundaries in the High North."
Arctic Security Conference 2024
12-13 September, 2024 at Litteraturhuset in Oslo (Norway)
Eda Ayaydin, PhD at MIARC participated in the panel: "Arctic Cooperation: Does it Play a Role in Mitigating Security Concerns?".
Arctic Congress
29 May - 3 June 2024, Bodø (Norway)
UArctic Thematic Network ARCH session: ‘Writing and visualising the Arctic: travel writing, Indigenous life stories and historical sources, 18th-21st century
MIARC Convenors: Jan Borm and Joanna Kodzik
1 June 2024, 11:00 - 12:30; Scandic Bodø Hotel - Room: Ambassadør 2
The Arctic Congress Bodø 2024 will constitute a unique event that combines the International Congress of Arctic Social Sciences (ICASS) XI, UArctic Congress 2024, and High North Dialogue 2024. Bringing three conferences together in Bodø – one of the 2024 European Cultural Capitals - will be an extraordinary showcase of Arctic cooperation.
The congress includes high-level plenary sessions, several parallel sessions, network activities, and social and cultural events. It is an excellent opportunity for researchers, policymakers, businesses, and students to exchange knowledge and meet and connect across the Arctic. IASSA and UArctic will also hold their General Assemblies.
International conference "The Arctic in Eastern and Cenral Europe. Knowledge, Perception and Communication in 17th-19th century"
8-11 May 2024, Toruń (Poland)
Guest lecture on « Arctic Blues – Écrits de Jean Malaurie sur la chasse à la baleine »
26 April 2024, 14:00-16:00 CET, EPHE, Maison des Sciences de L'Homme in Paris
Jan Borm, director of the Institute of Arctic Research Monaco-UVSQ will deliver the guest lecture as a part of the lecture series Nordic Blue Humanities at the Sorbonne University / École pratique des hautes études in Paris.
Nordic Blue Humanities - Programme
International Colloquium "De nouveaux corpus littéraires dans le Nord et dans l’Arctique" (in French)
14-15 March 2024, Cégep de Sept-Iles (Québec, Canada).
The event is organised by UQAM, GRENOC, Cégep de Sept-Iles, UVSQ/Paris Saclay and CRILCQ).
10th "Gateway to the Arctic" Workshop
6-8 February 2024, Sudernes Science and Learning Centre (Iceland)
French-German workshop series for early stage researchers co-organised since 2011 by the German Polar Institute Alfred-Wegener (AWI) and the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. Organising team: Jan Borm (MIARC, UVSQ/Paris-Saclay), Klaus Grosfeld (REKLIM/AWI) and Renate Treffeisen (Klimabüro/AWI).
Arctic Indigenous and local food traditions in the past
Session I at UVSQ, in Guyancourt, France, on January 25th, 2024 10am-1pm CET
Session II at Sudernes Science and Learning Centre, Iceland, on February 6th, 2024 10am-1pm UTC
Worksop developed by students from the Arctic Studies Master Program together with Jun.-Prof. Joanna Kodzik about historical sources concerning Indigenous and local food traditions experienced and told by European travelers, scholars, or missionaries from the 17th -19th centuries.
"EUGLOH: Solutions for One Health Issues in Europe and the Arctic" side-event at ARCTIC FRONTIERS
January 29, 2024, Tromsø (Norway)
The side-event "EUGLOH: Solutions for One Health Issues in Europe and the Arctic" is scheduled at Arctic Frontiers Monday January 29, 9am-10.30am. EUGLOH is the acronym of the European University Alliance for Global Health initiated by the University of Paris-Saclay that UVSQ is an associate member of. MIARC has been asked to organise this event to stage a discussion about One Health Issues and Solutions in the Arctic and Europe.
An exhibition of Jean Malaurie’s pastels at UNESCO
18-25 January 2024, UNESCO Headquarters in Paris
The exhibition “Arctic Twilight” showing pastels by Jean Malaurie is organized by UNESCO in cooperation with MIARC and Galerie Orenda (Paris).
Arctic Circle Assembly
19 - 22 October 2023, Reykjavík (Iceland)
The Arctic Circle Assembly is the largest annual international gathering on the Arctic, attended by more than 2000 participants from over 60 countries.
The Assembly is held every October in Reykjavík.
Workshop on Museum Objects: Collecting, Constructing, and Comprehending “Norden”
19 - 20 October, Copenhagen (Denmark)
The event is organized by the Nordic research group Collecting Norden (University of Oslo and Oslo Metropolitan University) and the Centre for Business History (Copenhagen Business School).
It will gather researchers from various institutions: University of Oslo, Oslo Metropolitan University, Copenhagen Business School, University of Gothenburg, Edinburgh Napier University, Árni Magnússon Institute and MIARC, in the person of Jun. Prof. Joanna Kodzik.
Arctic Circle Assembly / pre-event : « The story of the Franklin expedition through the British eye », a lecture by Prof. Jan Borm.
18 October 2023, Reykjavík (Iceland)
Exhibition "Arctic Twilight, Pastels by Jean Malaurie"
2 May - 30 June 2023, University of Greenland
This exhibition is the result of a collaboration between the University of Greenland (Ilisimatusarfik), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, and the Malaurie Institute of Arctic Research, Monaco-UVSQ.
20 years of AWIPEV – The French-German Arctic Research Base
14 June 2023, French Embassy in Berlin
This event, hosted by the French Embassy, celebrates the 20-year anniversary of the joint French-German research base AWIPEV in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. The station at 78.9°N is operated by Germany’s Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) and the French Polar Institute Paul-Émile Victor (IPEV).
UARCTIC Assembly Meeting
22-26 May 2023, Université Laval (Canada)
2023 Schefferus Conference
23 May 2023, UiT (Tromsø, Norway) and online.
Joanna Kodzik, Junior Professor at MIARC, is presenting a paper on the “Constructions of Lapland in German scholarly debates and travel writing - following Schefferus genealogy of knowledge”.
More information and registration
Online Lecture: "History of Greenland’s climate from Moravian diaries (1733-1840) and representations of Aurora borealis in Europe (17th-19th centuries)"
20 April, 14:00 - 17:30 CET
Joanna Kodzik (MIARC) will deliver this lecture within the framework of the Doctoral School "Sciences de l'Environnement d'Ile de France" (Environmental Sciences of the Greater Paris Region).
More information on the doctoral school (in French)
Online Lecture: "Writing the Arctic - travel literature about the Far North: exploration, observation, representation"
5 April, 10:30-12:30 CET
Jan Borm (MIARC) will deliver this lecture within the framework of the Doctoral School "Sciences de l'Environnement d'Ile de France" (Environmental Sciences of the Greater Paris Region).
More information on the doctoral school (in French)
Guest Lecture on Knowledge about the Arctic in early modern Poland (in Polish)
27 March 2023, on-line
Joanna Kodzik, Junior Professor at MIARC, has been invited to give an on-line lecture entitled “Humans, Nature and the Climate: Interest in the Arctic in Poland in the 18th century“ by the Centre for Research on Climate Change and the Department of Literature, Culture and Media of the German Countries at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland).
International colloquium on travel writing in modern Europe
23-24 March 2023, Versailles (France)
The University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) is organising an international colloquium on travel writing in modern Europe on 23 and 24 March 2023: "Penser et écrire le voyage en Europe du XVéme au XVIIIème siècle" (in French).
The event will take place both on UVSQ's campus and on the grounds on the castle of Versailles, with the Malaurie Institute of Arctic Research Monaco - UVSQ as partner.
Jan Borm (MIARC/UVSQ/Université Paris-Saclay) will deliver a presentation on "Représenter la Laponie en texte et images à l’époque des Lumières : A Tour
through Sweden, Swedish-Lapland, Finland and Denmark in a Series of Letters de Matthew Consentt (1789)".
Registration:
Session dedicated to Paul Gaimard and La Recherche
9 March 2023, Reykjavík (Iceland)
This session is part of the Annual Humanities Conference of the University of Iceland.
Discussion on Paul Gaimard and his expeditions
9 March 2023, Reykjavík (Iceland)
Discover Paul Gaimard's polar expeditions with Árni Snævarr and Jan Borm at the Alliance Française.
9th "Gateway to the Arctic" Workshop
13-17 February 2023, UVSQ (France)
Franco-German workshop series for early stage researchers co-organised since 2011 by the German Polar Institute Alfred-Wegener (AWI) and the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. Organising team: Jan Borm (MIARC, UVSQ/Paris-Saclay), Klaus Grosfeld (REKLIM/AWI) and Renate Treffeisen (Klimabüro/AWI).
Read more on the event and on a session.
Exhibition of pastel paintings by Jean Malaurie at the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco
15 December 2022 - 24 January 2023
organised by the Oceanographic Museum in conjunction with the Malaurie Institute of Arctic Research – Monaco-UVSQ (MIARC) and the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ).
Book Fair "Lire la nature"
21 January 2023, Paris (France)
Meeting with Jan Borm (MIARC) and Philippe Charlier (Head of "Terre Humaine" collection at Plon publishing house): the life and career of Jean Malaurie.
UARCTIC Rectors' Meeting
12-13 January 2023, Monaco
organised by the Oceanographic Institute - Prince Albert I of Monaco Foundation and the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) in collaboration with Prince Albert II Foundation.
Thematics: "Academic cooperation as a solution for achieving sustainable goals in a rapidly changing Arctic world"
"Perceiving Arctic Change – Climate, Society, Sustainability" (PACCSS)
13 December 2022, Berlin (Germany)
Seminar of of the French-German Research School PACCSS. Organised by the German Polar Institute Alfred-Wegener (AWI) and UVSQ.
Outstanding Event "From Thule to MOSAiC - 75 years of French and German Arctic Research"
12 December 2022, Berlin (Germany)
organised by Dr Klaus Grosfeld, Dr Renate Treffeisen (both AWI / REKLIM), Prof Jan Borm (UVSQ-MIARC) and Vincent Cambay (French Embassy) at the French Embassy in Berlin.
Experts retraced 75 years of French and German Arctic research, paying tribute to Jean Malaurie, France’s most distinguished Arctic researcher, on the occasion of his 100th birthday.
International Conference "Silence and Violence in the North"
30 November - 1 December 2022, Torshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark) and online
organised by Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) and University of the Faroe Islands.
Jan Borm presented a paper on "From sidereal silence to what is left unsaid in Jean Malaurie’s memoir
De la pierre à l’âme (From Stone to Soul, 2022)"
UARCTIC panel discussion at the Arctic Circle Assembly: “UARCTIC Response to Climate Change: New Perspectives in Research and Education”
13 - 16 October 2022, Reykjavík (Iceland)
organised by Jan Borm, UARCTIC, chair of Arctic Humanities, together with Hanne Christiansen, professor of Physical Geography at the University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Norway.
UARCTIC Chairs' meeting
12 October 2022, Reykjavik (Iceland)
International Workshop “Pa pimatisiwin. En mouvement. Table ronde sur le territoire. L’autochtonie comparée des Amériques"
19 - 23 September, University of Quebec, Montreal (Canada)
Jan Borm will participate in this event organised by Daniel Cartier (UQAM) and Véronique Basile Hébert (UQAM and UQTR).
International Congress for Pietism Studies “Travel and Religion in the long 18th Century”
28 - 31 August 2022, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg (Germany)
Joanna Kodzik presented a paper on constructions of the Arctic in Moravians' travel diaries to Greenland.
International Conference "Iceland and the Faroe Islands Seen from Within and Without: Cross-cultural Perspectives, 17th -21st Century"
14 - 16 June 2022, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)
NICH Artic Workshop
7 - 8 June 2022, Montreal (Canada) and online
International conference "Using the North in Political Communication"
31 March - 1 April 2022, University of Strasbourg (France)
Joanna Kodzik presented a paper on Missionary Constructions of the Far North in the Official Communication of the Moravians in the 18th Century.
Better World Fund Dubai Exhibition 2022
25 - 26 March 2022, Dubai (United Arab Emirates)
Round-table: "Jean Malaurie : L’apprenti chaman"
25 January 2022, Musée du Quai Branly, Paris (France)
Watch the event on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jrQN9FO7fms
UARCTIC Regional Rectors' Meeting
6 December 2022, UVSQ (France)
Watch a presentation on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9ZbBlbnWV0
International conference "Greenland Observed from Outside – Environment, Society and Culture: 17th - 19th centuries"
29 October 2021, online
organised by the Research Centre for historical travel writing at the State library of Eutin in Germany (Forschungsstelle zur historischen Reisekultur der Eutiner Landesbibliothek) and Université Paris-Saclay/UVSQ.
8th "Gateway to the Arctic" Workshop
4 - 7 October 2021, Potsdam (Germany)
Franco-German workshop series for early stage researchers co-organised since 2011 by the German Polar Institute Alfred-Wegener (AWI), REKLIM and the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. Organising team: Jan Borm (MIARC, UVSQ/Paris-Saclay), Klaus Grosfeld (REKLIM/AWI) and Renate Treffeisen (Klimabüro/AWI).
Read more on the workshop series
"Perceiving Arctic Change – Climate, Society, Sustainability" (PACCSS)
6 October 2021, Berlin (Germany)
Event organised by the German Polar Institute Alfred-Wegener (AWI) and the French Embassy.
Watch the event on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMDnWbrUAu4
International Conference "Representations of the West Nordic Isles. Greenland - Iceland - Faroe Islands"
20 - 21 September 2019, Eutin (Germany)
organised by the Research Centre for historical travel writing at the State library of Eutin in Germany (Forschungsstelle zur historischen Reisekultur der Eutiner Landesbibliothek) and Université Paris-Saclay/ UVSQ.
"Perceiving Arctic Change – Climate, Society, Sustainability" (PACCSS)
24 October 2018, Berlin (Germany)
Official Side Event of Arctic Science Ministerial 2
Watch the event on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L9zVHQBjiE
